Abstract Organisms are routinely confronted with crucial decisions on the best time and place to perform fundamental activities. However. unpredictable spatio-temporal variation in ecological factors makes life-history optimization difficult particularly for long-distance migrants. which are putatively blind of conditions thousands of kilometers and weeks ahead along their journey. https://www.roneverhart.com/NeOn-Zero-Lefty-M390-BLADE-TITANIUM-HANDLE-MRBS-p11472/