As Semiconductor designs scale in complexity, functional correctness has become as critical as performance and power efficiency. Modern chips integrate billions of transistors and support diverse use cases, making exhaustive validation essential before fabrication. In this environment, VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) verification has evolved into a specialized discipline that https://griffinvfkpu.wikirecognition.com/2096726/understanding_the_physical_design_perspective_in_modern_vlsi_education